Dynamical Functional Artificial Neural Network: Use of Efficient Piecewise Linear Functions

A nonlinear adaptive time series predictor has been developed using a new type of piecewise linear (PWL) network for its underlying model structure. The PWL Network is a D-FANN (Dynamical Functional Artificial Neural Network) the activation functions of which are piecewise linear. The new realization is presented with the associated training algorithm. Properties and characteristics are discussed. This network has been successfully used to model and predict an important class of highly dynamic and nonstationary signals, namely speech signals.Fil: Figueroa, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Cousseau, Juan Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; Argentin

Numerical approach to King’s analytical study for circular loop antenna

A numerical technique based on the Pocklington\u27s equation and the method of moments for the study of circular loop antennas is exhibited. The current distributions thus obtained are in total harmony with the corresponding analytical results of King

Development of Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Monolayers Containing Eugenol and Their Application in Multilayer Antimicrobial Food Packaging

[EN] In this research, different contents of eugenol in the 2.5-25 wt.% range were first incorporated into ultrathin fibers of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by electrospinning and then subjected to annealing to obtain antimicrobial monolayers. The most optimal concentration of eugenol in the PHBV monolayer was 15 wt.% since it showed high electrospinnability and thermal stability and also yielded the highest bacterial reduction against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This eugenol-containing monolayer was then selected to be applied as an interlayer between a structural layer made of a cast-extruded poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) sheet and a commercial PHBV film as the food contact layer. The whole system was, thereafter, annealed at 160°C for 10 s to develop a novel multilayer active packaging material. The resultant multilayer showed high hydrophobicity, strong adhesion and mechanical resistance, and improved barrier properties against water vapor and limonene vapors. The antimicrobial activity of the multilayer structure was also evaluated in both open and closed systems for up to 15 days, showing significant reductions (R ¿ 1 and < 3) for the two strains of food-borne bacteria. Higher inhibition values were particularly attained against S. aureus due to the higher activity of eugenol against the cell membrane of Gram positive (G+) bacteria. The multilayer also provided the highest antimicrobial activity for the closed system, which better resembles the actual packaging and it was related to the headspace accumulation of the volatile compounds. Hence, the here-developed multilayer fully based on polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) shows a great deal of potential for antimicrobial packaging applications using biodegradable materials to increase both quality and safety of food products.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICI) through the RTI2018-097249-B-C21 program number and the H2020 EU project YPACK (reference number 773872). KF-L is a recipient of a Santiago Grisolía (Ref. 0001426013N810001A201) research contract of the Valencian Government (GVA) whereas ST-G holds a Juan de la Cierva¿ Incorporación contract (IJCI-2016-29675) from MICI. The authors would also like to thank the Unidad Asociada IATA-UJI Plastics Technology.Figueroa-López, KJ.; Cabedo, L.; Lagaron, JM.; Torres Giner, S. (2020). Development of Electrospun Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Monolayers Containing Eugenol and Their Application in Multilayer Antimicrobial Food Packaging. Frontiers in Nutrition. 7:1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00140S1167Fu, Y., Sarkar, P., Bhunia, A. K., & Yao, Y. (2016). Delivery systems of antimicrobial compounds to food. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 57, 165-177. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2016.09.013Petersen, K., Væggemose Nielsen, P., Bertelsen, G., Lawther, M., Olsen, M. B., Nilsson, N. H., & Mortensen, G. (1999). Potential of biobased materials for food packaging. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 10(2), 52-68. doi:10.1016/s0924-2244(99)00019-9Arena, U., & Di Gregorio, F. (2014). A waste management planning based on substance flow analysis. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 85, 54-66. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2013.05.008Kumar, G., Ponnusamy, V. K., Bhosale, R. R., Shobana, S., Yoon, J.-J., Bhatia, S. K., … Kim, S.-H. (2019). A review on the conversion of volatile fatty acids to polyhydroxyalkanoates using dark fermentative effluents from hydrogen production. Bioresource Technology, 287, 121427. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121427Shen, M., Huang, W., Chen, M., Song, B., Zeng, G., & Zhang, Y. (2020). (Micro)plastic crisis: Un-ignorable contribution to global greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120138. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120138Mannina, G., Presti, D., Montiel-Jarillo, G., Carrera, J., & Suárez-Ojeda, M. E. (2020). Recovery of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from wastewater: A review. Bioresource Technology, 297, 122478. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122478Costa, S. S., Miranda, A. L., de Morais, M. G., Costa, J. A. V., & Druzian, J. I. (2019). Microalgae as source of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) — A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 131, 536-547. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.099Nielsen, C., Rahman, A., Rehman, A. U., Walsh, M. K., & Miller, C. D. (2017). Food waste conversion to microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Microbial Biotechnology, 10(6), 1338-1352. doi:10.1111/1751-7915.12776Bhatia, S. K., Gurav, R., Choi, T.-R., Jung, H.-R., Yang, S.-Y., Moon, Y.-M., … Yang, Y.-H. (2019). Bioconversion of plant biomass hydrolysate into bioplastic (polyhydroxyalkanoates) using Ralstonia eutropha 5119. Bioresource Technology, 271, 306-315. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.09.122Bhatia, S. K., Shim, Y.-H., Jeon, J.-M., Brigham, C. J., Kim, Y.-H., Kim, H.-J., … Yang, Y.-H. (2015). Starch based polyhydroxybutyrate production in engineered Escherichia coli. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 38(8), 1479-1484. doi:10.1007/s00449-015-1390-yPark, Y.-L., Bhatia, S. K., Gurav, R., Choi, T.-R., Kim, H. J., Song, H.-S., … Yang, Y.-H. (2020). Fructose based hyper production of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate from Halomonas sp. YLGW01 and impact of carbon sources on bacteria morphologies. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 154, 929-936. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.129Hong, J.-W., Song, H.-S., Moon, Y.-M., Hong, Y.-G., Bhatia, S. K., Jung, H.-R., … Yang, Y.-H. (2019). Polyhydroxybutyrate production in halophilic marine bacteria Vibrio proteolyticus isolated from the Korean peninsula. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 42(4), 603-610. doi:10.1007/s00449-018-02066-6Vu, D. H., Åkesson, D., Taherzadeh, M. J., & Ferreira, J. A. (2020). Recycling strategies for polyhydroxyalkanoate-based waste materials: An overview. Bioresource Technology, 298, 122393. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122393Możejko-Ciesielska, J., & Kiewisz, R. (2016). Bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates: Still fabulous? Microbiological Research, 192, 271-282. doi:10.1016/j.micres.2016.07.010Torres-Giner, S., Hilliou, L., Melendez-Rodriguez, B., Figueroa-Lopez, K. J., Madalena, D., Cabedo, L., … Lagaron, J. M. (2018). Melt processability, characterization, and antibacterial activity of compression-molded green composite sheets made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) reinforced with coconut fibers impregnated with oregano essential oil. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 17, 39-49. doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2018.05.002Vahabi, H., Rohani Rad, E., Parpaite, T., Langlois, V., & Saeb, M. R. (2019). Biodegradable polyester thin films and coatings in the line of fire: the time of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA)? Progress in Organic Coatings, 133, 85-89. doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2019.04.044Jung, H.-R., Jeon, J.-M., Yi, D.-H., Song, H.-S., Yang, S.-Y., Choi, T.-R., … Yang, Y.-H. (2019). Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) terpolymer production from volatile fatty acids using engineered Ralstonia eutropha. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 138, 370-378. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.091Rehm, B. H. A., & Steinbüchel, A. (1999). Biochemical and genetic analysis of PHA synthases and other proteins required for PHA synthesis. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 25(1-3), 3-19. doi:10.1016/s0141-8130(99)00010-0Tarawat, S., Incharoensakdi, A., & Monshupanee, T. (2020). Cyanobacterial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from carbon dioxide or a single organic substrate: improved polymer elongation with an extremely high 3-hydroxyvalerate mole proportion. Journal of Applied Phycology, 32(2), 1095-1102. doi:10.1007/s10811-020-02040-4Bhatia, S. K., Yoon, J.-J., Kim, H.-J., Hong, J. W., Gi Hong, Y., Song, H.-S., … Yang, Y.-H. (2018). Engineering of artificial microbial consortia of Ralstonia eutropha and Bacillus subtilis for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer production from sugarcane sugar without precursor feeding. Bioresource Technology, 257, 92-101. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2018.02.056Quillaguamán, J., Guzmán, H., Van-Thuoc, D., & Hatti-Kaul, R. (2009). Synthesis and production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by halophiles: current potential and future prospects. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 85(6), 1687-1696. doi:10.1007/s00253-009-2397-6Cinelli, P., Seggiani, M., Mallegni, N., Gigante, V., & Lazzeri, A. (2019). Processability and Degradability of PHA-Based Composites in Terrestrial Environments. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20(2), 284. doi:10.3390/ijms20020284Melendez-Rodriguez, B., Torres-Giner, S., Aldureid, A., Cabedo, L., & Lagaron, J. M. (2019). Reactive Melt Mixing of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate)/Rice Husk Flour Composites with Purified Biosustainably Produced Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate). Materials, 12(13), 2152. doi:10.3390/ma12132152Torres-Giner, S., Montanes, N., Fombuena, V., Boronat, T., & Sanchez-Nacher, L. (2016). Preparation and characterization of compression-molded green composite sheets made of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) reinforced with long pita fibers. Advances in Polymer Technology, 37(5), 1305-1315. doi:10.1002/adv.21789Cherpinski, A., Torres-Giner, S., Cabedo, L., & Lagaron, J. M. (2017). Post-processing optimization of electrospun submicron poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) fibers to obtain continuous films of interest in food packaging applications. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(10), 1817-1830. doi:10.1080/19440049.2017.1355115Radusin, T., Torres-Giner, S., Stupar, A., Ristic, I., Miletic, A., Novakovic, A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2019). Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial properties of electrospun polylactide films containing Allium ursinum L. extract. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 21, 100357. doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2019.100357Tariq, S., Wani, S., Rasool, W., Shafi, K., Bhat, M. A., Prabhakar, A., … Rather, M. A. (2019). A comprehensive review of the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral potential of essential oils and their chemical constituents against drug-resistant microbial pathogens. Microbial Pathogenesis, 134, 103580. doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103580Dorman, H. J. D., & Deans, S. G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88(2), 308-316. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.xJia, C., Cao, D., Ji, S., Zhang, X., & Muhoza, B. (2020). Tannic acid-assisted cross-linked nanoparticles as a delivery system of eugenol: The characterization, thermal degradation and antioxidant properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 104, 105717. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.105717Kim, J., Marshall, M. R., & Wei, C. (1995). Antibacterial activity of some essential oil components against five foodborne pathogens. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 43(11), 2839-2845. doi:10.1021/jf00059a013Walsh, S. E., Maillard, J.-Y., Russell, A. D., Catrenich, C. E., Charbonneau, D. L., & Bartolo, R. G. (2003). Activity and mechanisms of action of selected biocidal agents on Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94(2), 240-247. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01825.xELGAYYAR, M., DRAUGHON, F. A., GOLDEN, D. A., & MOUNT, J. R. (2001). Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from Plants against Selected Pathogenic and Saprophytic Microorganisms. Journal of Food Protection, 64(7), 1019-1024. doi:10.4315/0362-028x-64.7.1019Devi, K. P., Nisha, S. A., Sakthivel, R., & Pandian, S. K. (2010). Eugenol (an essential oil of clove) acts as an antibacterial agent against Salmonella typhi by disrupting the cellular membrane. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 130(1), 107-115. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.025Kohanski, M. A., Dwyer, D. J., & Collins, J. J. (2010). How antibiotics kill bacteria: from targets to networks. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 8(6), 423-435. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2333Khameneh, B., Iranshahy, M., Soheili, V., & Fazly Bazzaz, B. S. (2019). Review on plant antimicrobials: a mechanistic viewpoint. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 8(1). doi:10.1186/s13756-019-0559-6Li, Y., Dong, Q., Chen, J., & Li, L. (2020). Effects of coaxial electrospun eugenol loaded core-sheath PVP/shellac fibrous films on postharvest quality and shelf life of strawberries. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 159, 111028. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2019.111028Celebioglu, A., Yildiz, Z. I., & Uyar, T. (2018). Fabrication of Electrospun Eugenol/Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Nanofibrous Webs for Enhanced Antioxidant Property, Water Solubility, and High Temperature Stability. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66(2), 457-466. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04312Soares, R. M. D., Siqueira, N. M., Prabhakaram, M. P., & Ramakrishna, S. (2018). Electrospinning and electrospray of bio-based and natural polymers for biomaterials development. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 92, 969-982. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.08.004Figueroa-Lopez, K., Castro-Mayorga, J., Andrade-Mahecha, M., Cabedo, L., & Lagaron, J. (2018). Antibacterial and Barrier Properties of Gelatin Coated by Electrospun Polycaprolactone Ultrathin Fibers Containing Black Pepper Oleoresin of Interest in Active Food Biopackaging Applications. Nanomaterials, 8(4), 199. doi:10.3390/nano8040199Marangoni Júnior, L., Oliveira, L. M. de, Bócoli, P. F. J., Cristianini, M., Padula, M., & Anjos, C. A. R. (2020). Morphological, thermal and mechanical properties of polyamide and ethylene vinyl alcohol multilayer flexible packaging after high-pressure processing. Journal of Food Engineering, 276, 109913. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.109913Gómez Ramos, M. J., Lozano, A., & Fernández-Alba, A. R. (2019). High-resolution mass spectrometry with data independent acquisition for the comprehensive non-targeted analysis of migrating chemicals coming from multilayer plastic packaging materials used for fruit purée and juice. Talanta, 191, 180-192. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.023Wang, L., Chen, C., Wang, J., Gardner, D. J., & Tajvidi, M. (2020). Cellulose nanofibrils versus cellulose nanocrystals: Comparison of performance in flexible multilayer films for packaging applications. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 23, 100464. doi:10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100464Garrido-López, Á., & Tena, M. T. (2010). Study of multilayer packaging delamination mechanisms using different surface analysis techniques. Applied Surface Science, 256(12), 3799-3805. doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.01.029Úbeda, S., Aznar, M., Vera, P., Nerín, C., Henríquez, L., Taborda, L., & Restrepo, C. (2017). Overall and specific migration from multilayer high barrier food contact materials – kinetic study of cyclic polyester oligomers migration. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(10), 1784-1794. doi:10.1080/19440049.2017.1346390Anukiruthika, T., Sethupathy, P., Wilson, A., Kashampur, K., Moses, J. A., & Anandharamakrishnan, C. (2020). Multilayer packaging: Advances in preparation techniques and emerging food applications. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(3), 1156-1186. doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12556Mount, E. (2010). Coextrusion equipment for multilayer flat films and sheets. Multilayer Flexible Packaging, 75-95. doi:10.1016/b978-0-8155-2021-4.10006-1Torres-Giner, S., Pérez-Masiá, R., & Lagaron, J. M. (2016). A review on electrospun polymer nanostructures as advanced bioactive platforms. Polymer Engineering & Science, 56(5), 500-527. doi:10.1002/pen.24274Torres-Giner, S., Martinez-Abad, A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2014). Zein-based ultrathin fibers containing ceramic nanofillers obtained by electrospinning. II. Mechanical properties, gas barrier, and sustained release capacity of biocide thymol in multilayer polylactide films. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 131(18), n/a-n/a. doi:10.1002/app.40768Fabra, M. J., Lopez-Rubio, A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2013). High barrier polyhydroxyalcanoate food packaging film by means of nanostructured electrospun interlayers of zein. Food Hydrocolloids, 32(1), 106-114. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2012.12.007Fabra, M. J., Lopez-Rubio, A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2014). Nanostructured interlayers of zein to improve the barrier properties of high barrier polyhydroxyalkanoates and other polyesters. Journal of Food Engineering, 127, 1-9. doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.11.022Cherpinski, A., Torres‐Giner, S., Cabedo, L., Méndez, J. A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2017). Multilayer structures based on annealed electrospun biopolymer coatings of interest in water and aroma barrier fiber‐based food packaging applications. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135(24), 45501. doi:10.1002/app.45501Cherpinski, A., Torres-Giner, S., Vartiainen, J., Peresin, M. S., Lahtinen, P., & Lagaron, J. M. (2018). Improving the water resistance of nanocellulose-based films with polyhydroxyalkanoates processed by the electrospinning coating technique. Cellulose, 25(2), 1291-1307. doi:10.1007/s10570-018-1648-zQuiles-Carrillo, L., Montanes, N., Lagaron, J., Balart, R., & Torres-Giner, S. (2019). Bioactive Multilayer Polylactide Films with Controlled Release Capacity of Gallic Acid Accomplished by Incorporating Electrospun Nanostructured Coatings and Interlayers. Applied Sciences, 9(3), 533. doi:10.3390/app9030533Akinalan Balik, B., Argin, S., Lagaron, J. M., & Torres-Giner, S. (2019). Preparation and Characterization of Electrospun Pectin-Based Films and Their Application in Sustainable Aroma Barrier Multilayer Packaging. Applied Sciences, 9(23), 5136. doi:10.3390/app9235136Figueroa-Lopez, K. J., Vicente, A. A., Reis, M. A. M., Torres-Giner, S., & Lagaron, J. M. (2019). Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Performance of Various Essential Oils and Natural Extracts and Their Incorporation into Biowaste Derived Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Layers Made from Electrospun Ultrathin Fibers. Nanomaterials, 9(2), 144. doi:10.3390/nano9020144Castro-Mayorga, J. L., Fabra, M. J., Pourrahimi, A. M., Olsson, R. T., & Lagaron, J. M. (2017). The impact of zinc oxide particle morphology as an antimicrobial and when incorporated in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) films for food packaging and food contact surfaces applications. Food and Bioproducts Processing, 101, 32-44. doi:10.1016/j.fbp.2016.10.007Cerqueira, M. A., Fabra, M. J., Castro-Mayorga, J. L., Bourbon, A. I., Pastrana, L. M., Vicente, A. A., & Lagaron, J. M. (2016). Use of Electrospinning to Develop Antimicrobial Biodegradable Multilayer Systems: Encapsulation of Cinnamaldehyde and Their Physicochemical Characterization. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 9(11), 1874-1884. doi:10.1007/s11947-016-1772-4Torres-Giner, S., Torres, A., Ferrándiz, M., Fombuena, V., & Balart, R. (2017). Antimicrobial activity of metal cation-exchanged zeolites and their evaluation on injection-molded pieces of bio-based high-density polyethylene. Journal of Food Safety, 37(4), e12348. doi:10.1111/jfs.12348Jouki, M., Yazdi, F. T., Mortazavi, S. A., & Koocheki, A. (2014). Quince seed mucilage films incorporated with oregano essential oil: Physical, thermal, barrier, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Food Hydrocolloids, 36, 9-19. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2013.08.030Vieira, M. G. A., da Silva, M. A., dos Santos, L. O., & Beppu, M. M. (2011). Natural-based plasticizers and biopolymer films: A review. European Polymer Journal, 47(3), 254-263. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.12.011Torres-Giner, S., Gimenez, E., & Lagaron, J. M. (2008). Characterization of the morphology and thermal properties of Zein Prolamine nanostructures obtained by electrospinning. Food Hydrocolloids, 22(4), 601-614. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2007.02.005Torres‐Giner, S., Ocio, M. J., & Lagaron, J. M. (2008). Development of Active Antimicrobial Fiber‐Based Chitosan Polysaccharide Nanostructures using Electrospinning. Engineering in Life Sciences, 8(3), 303-314. doi:10.1002/elsc.200700066Melendez-Rodriguez, B., Figueroa-Lopez, K. J., Bernardos, A., Martínez-Máñez, R., Cabedo, L., Torres-Giner, S., & Lagaron, J. M. (2019). Electrospun Antimicrobial Films of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Containing Eugenol Essential Oil Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 9(2), 227. doi:10.3390/nano9020227Shen, Z., & Kamdem, D. P. (2015). Development and characterization of biodegradable chitosan films containing two essential oils. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 74, 289-296. doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.046Haghighi, H., Biard, S., Bigi, F., De Leo, R., Bedin, E., Pfeifer, F., … Pulvirenti, A. (2019). Comprehensive characterization of active chitosan-gelatin blend films enriched with different essential oils. Food Hydrocolloids, 95, 33-42. doi:10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.019Shao, Y., Wu, C., Wu, T., Li, Y., Chen, S., Yuan, C., & Hu, Y. (2018). Eugenol-chitosan nanoemulsions by ultrasound-mediated emulsification: Formulation, characterization and antimicrobial activity. Carbohydrate Polymers, 193, 144-152. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.101Piletti, R., Bugiereck, A. M., Pereira, A. T., Gussati, E., Dal Magro, J., Mello, J. M. M., … Fiori, M. A. (2017). Microencapsulation of eugenol molecules by β-cyclodextrine as a thermal protection method of antibacterial action. 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Pilot-Based TI-ADC Mismatch Error Calibration for IR-UWB Receivers

In this work, we rst provide an overviewof the state of the art in mismatch error estimation and correction for time-interleaved analog to digital converters (TI-ADCs). Then, we present a novel pilot-based on-line adaptive timing mismatch error estimation approach for TI-ADCs in the context of an impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) receiver with correlation-based detection. We introduce the developed method and derive the expressions for both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh multipath fading (RMPF) channels. We also derive a lower bound on the required ADC resolution to attain a certainestimation precision. Simulations show the effectiveness of the technique when combined with an adequate compensator. We analyze the estimation error behavior as a function of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and investigate the ADC performance before and after compensation. While all mismatches combined cause the effective number of bits (ENOB) to drop to 3 bits and to 6 bits when considering only timing mismatch, estimation and correction of these errors with the proposed technique can restore a close to ideal behavior.We also show the performance loss at the receiver in terms of bit error rate (BER) and how compensation is able to signicantly improve performance.Fil: Schmidt, Christian Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Figueroa, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Cousseau, Juan Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Tonellotto, Mariana Andrea. University Of Klagenfurt; Austri

Septicemia due to Aeromonas hydrophila in a Pregnant Woman: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Background: In the late 1960s, the first isolates of Aeromonas were recovered from human specimens. Presently, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that the different isolates of the genus Aeromonas are human pathogens. The most frequent site of infection is the digestive tract, although extraintestinal infection also occurs. In those cases involving septicemia, most infections occur in individuals with underlying diseases. This report presents the case of a pregnant woman with no underlying disease or signs of immunodeficiency who developed A. hydrophila septicemia at 24 weeks gestation

An efficient CS-CPWL Based Predistorter

We study the performance of Hammerstein predistorters (PD) to model and compensate nonlinear effects produced by a high power amplifier with memory. A novel Hammerstein model is introduced that includes, as the basic static nonlinearity, the complex simplicial canonical piecewise linear (CS-CPWL) description. Previous results by the authors have shown that the use of this kind of static nonlinearity leads to an efficient representation of basic nonlinear models. Furthermore, different tradeoffs between modeling capability and performance are considered.Fil: Bruno, Marcelo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Cousseau, Juan Edmundo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Werner, Stefan. Helsinki University Of Technology. Departament Of Signal Processing And Acoutics; FinlandiaFil: Figueroa, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Cheong, Mei Yen. Helsinki University Of Technology. Departament Of Signal Processing And Acoutics; FinlandiaFil: Wichman, R.. Helsinki University Of Technology. Departament Of Signal Processing And Acoutics; Finlandi

Alimentos funcionales para cerdos al destete

A functional food is a compound that, being or not a nutrient, has a positive effect on one or several functions in the organism, producing well-being in the animal. The following compounds are considered functional foods: prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, antioxidants, secondary products of plant metabolism, structural lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, fat metabolism byproducts, bioactive peptides, fi ber, vitamins and minerals. Prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics are modifi ers of the intestinal microfl ora increasing mainly lactobacilli and bifi dobacteria populations and reducing pathogenic bacteria. Lactobacilli and bifi - dobacteria use oligosaccharides and fructo-oligosaccharides arriving at the colon, producing fatty acids and freeing minerals to be absorbed and utilized by the host. Prebiotics are partially-digestible oligosaccharides; probiotics are microorganisms (mainly lactobacilli and bifi dobacteria); and symbiotics are a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics. During the weaning period, piglets face dramatic changes in feeding management and environment, affecting feed intake and, at the same time, affecting digestive functions resulting in lower growth and higher incidence of disease, mainly diarrhea. Functional food may be an alternative to reduce the effects of weaning on growth performance and health of piglets, to diminish or to avoid gastrointestinal problems during weaning, preventing the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, and improving digestive functions. All these may help to withdraw antibiotics from piglet feed

El efecto del nivel de proteína y lípidos sobre la acción dinámica específica y la excreción postprandial en sub-adultos del camarón blanco Litopenaeus vannamei

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of 4 levels of dietary protein (20, 30, 40 and 50%) and lipids (2, 4, 8 and 16%) on the magnitude and duration of specific dynamic action (SDA) and postprandial nitrogen excretion in the subadult white shrimpLitopenaeus vannameiusing computer-controlled metabolic chambers (continuous-flow respirometer). We determined the oxygen consumption rate at 1 h intervals until the postprandial oxygen consumption rate returned to the pre-feeding level. Shrimp fed all the diets had significantly higher respiration rates after feeding due to the SDA. Oxygen consumption, the SDA coefficient and the SDA magnitude increased notably with increasing dietary protein content. Shrimp fed the 20% protein diet had the lowest levels of pre- and post-feeding respiration and the smallest SDA. A significant change in the SDA coefficient relative to each lipid level was not demonstrable. Additionally, nitrogenous excretion increased with an increase of dietary protein but not with an increase of lipid level. By estimating the SDA of subadults, the response to standard metabolic rate (SMR) was lower than that reported for juveniles and postlarva white shrimp

Optimización de la productividad del cultivo de microalgas basada en control predictivo

Existe un interés creciente en los cultivos de diversas especies de microalgas debido a sus potenciales aplicaciones. En este trabajo se presenta un esquema de control basado en modelo predictivo para maximizar la productividad de estos cultivos. El modelo empleado considera crecimiento sobre un substrato limitado y el proceso de foto-aclimatación, fenómenosclave para la obtención de resultados coherentes con el comportamiento de este sistema.Fil: Gorrini, Federico Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Biagiola, Silvina Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Figueroa, Jose Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages". Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica y de Computadoras. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Eléctrica "Alfredo Desages"; ArgentinaFil: Vande Wouwer, Alain. Université de Mons; Bélgica27º Congreso Argentino de Control Automatico AADECA’20Buenos Aires (Virtual)ArgentinaAsociación Argentina de Control Automátic